สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท26/03/2026
ผู้เข้าชม4567196
แสดงหน้า5652022
ปฎิทิน
August 2026
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
      
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
     
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 1903071 | ตอบ 12672
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
12659
อ้างอิง

Lawanna
It's great that you are getting thoughts from this post as well as from our argument made at this place.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.dubaihoodies.com/cotton-polo-t-shirts-dubai.html
Lawanna [38.154.104.xxx] เมื่อ 1/08/2026 20:10
12660
อ้างอิง

harry
 
harry [49.36.136.xxx] เมื่อ 2/08/2026 10:36
12661
อ้างอิง

harry
 
harry [49.36.136.xxx] เมื่อ 2/08/2026 10:38
12662
อ้างอิง

Blair
Excellent site you have got here.. It's difficult to find quality writing like yours these days. I truly appreciate people like you! Take care!!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.dubaitowels.com/
Blair [156.230.252.xxx] เมื่อ 2/08/2026 16:27
12663
อ้างอิง

Santo
Я всегда советую своим знакомым просматривать русские сериалы онлайн, потому что это просто. россериал инфо
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.new-kino24.ru/russkie/
Santo [185.101.201.xxx] เมื่อ 3/08/2026 10:12
12664
อ้างอิง

Lawrence
I don't even know how I finished up right here, however I assumed this submit was good. I do not recognize who you are but certainly you are going to a well-known blogger in case you aren't already. Cheers!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.dubaitowels.com/
Lawrence [192.126.218.xxx] เมื่อ 4/08/2026 14:28
12665
อ้างอิง

target gift card balance
 To determine to see the amount for the balance of your Target Gift Card Check the balance using the options listed below (phone number or store location, website). Before you check your balance target gift card balance | target.com/checkbalance
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://sites.google.com/egiftonline.com/targetgiftcardbalance/
target gift card balance [205.254.174.xxx] เมื่อ 4/08/2026 17:54
12666
อ้างอิง

Kajal Verma

Exclusive Jodhpur Call Girls Service in the Blue City

Welcome to the most exclusive Call Girl Jodhpur where royal elegance meets intimate companionship. Known for Mehrangarh Fort, azure-painted houses and rich Rajput heritage, Jodhpur visitors from around the world who want both cultural experiences and private pleasures. This elite agency represents over 250 verified companions, each chosen for beauty, intelligence and the ability to create genuine connections. Whether visiting for business, a destination wedding or exploring the Thar Desert, professional escorts make the stay truly unforgettable with experiences tailored to personal desires.

Complete Call Girls Services in Jodhpur for Every Preference

Comprehensive call girls service in Jodhpur cover every preference and occasion, from short intimate meetings to extended travel companionship. Options include independent college students, sophisticated housewives, aspiring models and cosmopolitan professionals, each bringing unique qualities. Both in-call Call Girl in Jodhpur at secure comfortable locations and out-call visits to hotels or residences are available across major areas like Ratanada, Sardarpura and the airport zone. Every booking includes complete discretion, punctual arrival and transparent pricing with no hidden charges, giving peace of mind along with full satisfaction.

Why Jodhpur Escort Service Stands Out for Safety and Authenticity

What sets this Jodhpur escort service apart is the strong commitment to authenticity and client safety. Every profile features genuine photographs and verified details, removing the risk of fake photos common with unreliable providers. A professional coordination team handles scheduling, transportation and special requests efficiently, while strict privacy protocols protect identity throughout. Whether seeking a dinner companion for a corporate event, a guide to the city’s hidden gems or passionate private moments, the call girls deliver professionalism, passion and complete discretion.

How to Choose the Right Call Girl in Jodhpur

Choosing a Jodhpur Call Girl means understanding the services offered and the reputation of agencies or independent escorts. Many Jodhpur escorts maintain a strong online presence with detailed profiles and testimonials that help clients make informed decisions. Escort services in Jodhpur remain flexible and accommodating, offering everything from traditional dating-style experiences to more exotic encounters. Whether a local resident or a visitor, exploring these services can enhance the overall experience in this vibrant city.

Exploring Jodhpur’s Culture with Professional Escorts

The professinal Escorts in Jodhpur are not limited to companionship alone. They also provide a chance to explore the city’s rich cultural and social scene. Many Call Girls Jodhpur know the best places to dine, party and enjoy entertainment options. The city’s call girls handle every situation with grace and professionalism, ensuring a memorable experience. Whether looking for a sophisticated dinner companion or a lively night out, the escort services in Jodhpur deliver an unforgettable time.

Luxurious and Discreet Escort Services in Jodhpur

Escort services in Jodhpur offer a luxurious and discreet experience for those seeking companionship. Call girls in Jodhpur are known for elegance, intelligence and the ability to match a wide range of preferences. Whether a local or a visitor, understanding these services can enhance the stay in this vibrant city. The escort scene remains diverse, with many call girls offering varied services tailored to individual needs and desires.

Transparency and Flexibility in Jodhpur Call Girl Services

When selecting a Jodhpur escort agency reputation and the escort’s profile matter. Many escort services in Jodhpur share detailed information about their call girls, including backgrounds, interests and the types of services offered. This transparency helps clients make better decisions and ensures a positive experience. Call girls in Jodhpur stay flexible and accommodating, handling last-minute requests and special preferences with ease. Whether for a special event or a more intimate encounter, the experience remains memorable.

Adding Excitement to Your Stay with Jodhpur Call Girls

Excitement of Escorts Jodhpur are provided to offer a luxurious and discreet experience. The city’s escorts are known for beauty, charm and the ability to meet different preferences. Whether a local resident or a visitor, these services can add a touch of excitement to the stay. Many Jodhpur Call Girls provide a variety of options, from traditional dating experiences to more exotic encounters, ensuring every client’s needs are met with professionalism and discretion.

 
Kajal Verma [103.18.72.xxx] เมื่อ 4/08/2026 20:09
12667
อ้างอิง

Shiela
Hello my family member! I want to say that this post is amazing, nice written and come with almost all significant infos. I would like to peer more posts like this .
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.uniformfactory.ae/
Shiela [155.94.149.xxx] เมื่อ 4/08/2026 20:52
12668
อ้างอิง

Aeron Beast
Great post! I really enjoyed reading this article. The information was well organized, and the examples helped explain the concepts in a simple and effective way  super bear adventure fly mod apk
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://superbearadventuremod.com/
Aeron Beast [103.31.92.xxx] เมื่อ 5/08/2026 10:45
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515615715815916016116216316416516616716816917017117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020120220320420520620720820921021121221321421521621721821922022122222322422522622722822923023123223323423523623723823924024124224324424524624724824925025125225325425525625725825926026126226326426526626726826927027127227327427527627727827928028128228328428528628728828929029129229329429529629729829930030130230330430530630730830931031131231331431531631731831932032132232332432532632732832933033133233333433533633733833934034134234334434534634734834935035135235335435535635735835936036136236336436536636736836937037137237337437537637737837938038138238338438538638738838939039139239339439539639739839940040140240340440540640740840941041141241341441541641741841942042142242342442542642742842943043143243343443543643743843944044144244344444544644744844945045145245345445545645745845946046146246346446546646746846947047147247347447547647747847948048148248348448548648748848949049149249349449549649749849950050150250350450550650750850951051151251351451551651751851952052152252352452552652752852953053153253353453553653753853954054154254354454554654754854955055155255355455555655755855956056156256356456556656756856957057157257357457557657757857958058158258358458558658758858959059159259359459559659759859960060160260360460560660760860961061161261361461561661761861962062162262362462562662762862963063163263363463563663763863964064164264364464564664764864965065165265365465565665765865966066166266366466566666766866967067167267367467567667767867968068168268368468568668768868969069169269369469569669769869970070170270370470570670770870971071171271371471571671771871972072172272372472572672772872973073173273373473573673773873974074174274374474574674774874975075175275375475575675775875976076176276376476576676776876977077177277377477577677777877978078178278378478578678778878979079179279379479579679779879980080180280380480580680780880981081181281381481581681781881982082182282382482582682782882983083183283383483583683783883984084184284384484584684784884985085185285385485585685785885986086186286386486586686786886987087187287387487587687787887988088188288388488588688788888989089189289389489589689789889990090190290390490590690790890991091191291391491591691791891992092192292392492592692792892993093193293393493593693793893994094194294394494594694794894995095195295395495595695795895996096196296396496596696796896997097197297397497597697797897998098198298398498598698798898999099199299399499599699799899910001001100210031004100510061007100810091010101110121013101410151016101710181019102010211022102310241025102610271028102910301031103210331034103510361037103810391040104110421043104410451046104710481049105010511052105310541055105610571058105910601061106210631064106510661067106810691070107110721073107410751076107710781079108010811082108310841085108610871088108910901091109210931094109510961097109810991100110111021103110411051106110711081109111011111112111311141115111611171118111911201121112211231124112511261127112811291130113111321133113411351136113711381139114011411142114311441145114611471148114911501151115211531154115511561157115811591160116111621163116411651166116711681169117011711172117311741175117611771178117911801181118211831184118511861187118811891190119111921193119411951196119711981199120012011202120312041205120612071208120912101211121212131214121512161217121812191220122112221223122412251226122712281229123012311232123312341235123612371238123912401241124212431244124512461247124812491250125112521253125412551256125712581259126012611262126312641265126612671268126912701271
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :