สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท19/06/2024
ผู้เข้าชม2535976
แสดงหน้า3081934
ปฎิทิน
March 2025
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
      
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
     
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 882546 | ตอบ 8676
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
8663
อ้างอิง

https://gdslot.net/
นอกจากสล็อตที่แตกง่ายแล้ว PG SLOT ยังมีอัตราการจ่ายเงินที่สูง https://gdslot.net/ ทำให้ผู้เล่นมีโอกาสได้รับรางวัลที่มีมูลค่าสูงกว่าเกมสล็อตจากค่ายอื่น ๆ
 
https://gdslot.net/ [103.163.220.xxx] เมื่อ 25/03/2025 17:00
8664
อ้างอิง

slot-vip.net
PG SLOT ให้ความสำคัญกับการรักษาความปลอดภัยของข้อมูลผู้เล่น slot-vip.net โดยมีการใช้เทคโนโลยีการเข้ารหัสข้อมูลที่ทันสมัยเพื่อป้องกันการเข้าถึงโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาต
 
slot-vip.net [103.125.146.xxx] เมื่อ 25/03/2025 17:01
8665
อ้างอิง

slotplanet-888.com
PG SLOT มีทีมงานบริการลูกค้าที่พร้อมให้ความช่วยเหลือตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง slotplanet-888.com ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการแก้ไขปัญหาหรือให้คำแนะนำเกี่ยวกับการเล่นเกม
 
slotplanet-888.com [103.125.146.xxx] เมื่อ 25/03/2025 17:02
8666
อ้างอิง

selinashetty

High class Escort Service in Delhi – Luxury for the Elite Class

Unparalleled Sophistication & Luxury Companionship

Delhi is a city that is the perfect combination of power, prestige and luxury. Our High class Escort Service is for those who want only the best—be it a sophisticated dinner date, a travel companion, or a private, intimate experience with an elegant model.

Why High-Profile Clients Choose Us?

 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.selinashetty.com/
selinashetty [103.70.144.xxx] เมื่อ 25/03/2025 18:48
8667
อ้างอิง

Agustin
Woah! I'm really loving the template/theme of this website. It's simple, yet effective. A lot of times it's tough to get that "perfect balance" between superb usability and visual appearance. I must say you've done a excellent job with this. In addition, the blog loads extremely quick for me on Internet explorer. Excellent Blog!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://buy-backlinks.rozblog.com/
Agustin [131.108.19.xxx] เมื่อ 26/03/2025 07:24
8668
อ้างอิง

Abell Arora

Welcome to our elite and well-known Abellarora escort agency. If you are looking for a young seductress to make your nights colorful or want to enjoy real sex, then our agency is the only destination where you will get top-class call girls according to your preference. Our agency is the no1 escort booking platform in Mumbai where you will get 100% Real Indian Girls for your naughty needs. All our Mumbai call girls are eager to meet you and make your night playful. These girls are perfect options for males looking for a lovely partner to entertain and satisfy them. You will find every kind of girl with us who is perfect and expert to meet all your needs. Our girls are professional call girls who will never make you angry and are always ready to give you extreme happiness. If you also want to spend a colorful evening with our female escorts and want to fulfill all your sexual desires, then contact us to book them as soon as possible.

Abellarora Provides Verified Call Girls in Mumbai

Our Abellarora Escort Agency stands due to its distinctive specialty of providing 100% verified elite call girls to enhance our Vip costumer's evening. We understand that finding an ideal and genuine sex partner for your night out in a city like Mumbai can be a difficult task, but through our agency, we make it effortless for you. Our agency offers premium-class call girls specially selected after many tests and screenings to meet our customers' needs. Our seductive Mumbai call girls are not only perfect in beauty but are also blessed with intelligence and charm. Once you spend an erotic night with these girls, they will ensure that your night is not only visually appealing but also intellectually satisfying. With these girls, you will have the most passionate moments you will ever forget.

High profile independent call girls in Mumbai

Mumbai call girl service is not only for sexual enjoyment. But it is also for fulfilling desires, fantasies, beautiful experience, getting rid of stress, getting rid of the feeling of loneliness etc. Our high profile call girls are mainly the part of fulfilling your fantasies. Our high profile call girls are mainly, rich housewives who love to have sex with different people. College going stunningly beautiful call girls with good educational background and stunning personality. High end models working in fashion world. Top air hostesses who want to have some fun away from their hectic schedule. And female celebrities, who like to enjoy some personal time away from everyone. These are all girls with mind boggling beauty. They are all well-mannered, dignified, and classy girls. It is hard to get close to them or even to get to talk to them for a moment in real world. You can only look at them from afar and think how wonderful it would be to get close to them or at least talk to them for a while.

But we can make your wish come true. We are in touch with such beauties who would love to spend time with you in return of their enjoyment and some money. You can meet them, talk to them, touch them, have sex with them the way you like.

Get 50% Discount On Advance Booking Call Girls in Mumbai.

Are you in Mumbai and finding a fabulous and beautiful sexy call girl for an unexceptional sexual encounter? If yes! Then we have a great news for you. Now you can get a 50% discount on any escort companion through our escort agency for night pleasure. Yes, it's true! You can meet your dream girl for both in-call and out-call services with a vast discount of 50%. You should book our girls in advance to enjoy this offer on your escort booking. If you want to grab this golden, then come to us now and book your dream girl in advance for seductive nightouts, hangouts, parties, and clubs. So why are you waiting to book the horny and sexiest  call girls in Mumbai ? Call us! Message us! or directly come to us to grab this opportunity.

Busy, stressful, and boring life? Our call girls can take it all away

In today's fast paced lifestyle, being busy or leading a stressful life is very common. At such times, sometimes, we feel lonely. We feel like life is hectic and no fun. At such times, we crave for a moment of happiness, a moment of fun, a moment to relax and feel fresh. For this, some people take holidays and go on a tour. But you can't always go on a long tour to feel refreshed or run away from work to feel relaxed. Sometimes, you only get a night, or a weekend of some free time, which doesn't feel enough. You spend that time sitting at home, getting bored or thinking if you could have someone to spend quality time with. Someone who could make you smile. With whom you could share your feelings. Someone, who could make your weekend special and make you feel refreshed, energetic, and fond of life again.

You might think it is hard to find such a person who would make you happy in such a short span of time. But to your surprise, it is not that hard. We at Abellarora's independent call girl service in Mumbai are here to make your life full of happiness. We are in touch with lively, refreshing, talkative, easy going, beautiful girls who are interested in listening to you, talking to you, and doing anything they can to make you happy. Our call girls love a good talk, a good evening time to someone interesting, and they love to make love in bed with all they have got.

We Serve Young Call Girls Service in Your Selected Cities:- ♥ Surat Call Girl ServiceHaridwar Call Girl Service ♥ Bhopal Call Girl Service Jaipur Call Girl ServiceNoida Call Girl Service ♥ Panchkula Call Girl ServiceAgra Call Girl ServiceAhmedabad Call Girl ServiceAndheri Call Girl ServiceBangalore Call Girl ServiceChennai Call Girl ServiceGoa Call Girl ServiceGurgaon Call Girl ServiceHyderabad Call Girl ServiceIndore Call Girl ServiceLucknow Call Girl ServicePune Call Girl ServiceRaipur Call Girl ServiceVisakhapatnam Call Girl ServiceAerocity Call Girl ServiceNoida escorts serviceManali Call Girl ServiceNagpur Call Girl ServiceChandigarh Call Girl ServiceGuwahati Call Girl ServiceKochi Call Girl ServiceVadodara Call Girl ServiceAllahabad Call Girl ServiceAmritsar Call Girl ServiceGwalior Call Girl ServiceBhubaneswar Call Girl ServiceJammu Call Girl ServiceRishikesh Call Girl Service ♥ Zirakpur Call Girl Service ♥ Haldwani Call Girl Service ♥ Coimbatore Call Girl ServiceKanpur Call Girl ServiceMussoorie Call Girl ServiceRanchi Call Girl ServiceShimla Call Girl ServiceUdaipur Call Girl ServiceVaranasi Call Girl ServiceAmbala Call Girl ServiceNainital Call Girl Service ♥ Kolkata Call Girl ServiceMohali Call Girl ServiceLudhiana Call Girl ServiceDehradun Call Girl ServiceJalandhar Call Girl Service

 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://cx.abellarora.com/
Abell Arora [106.219.225.xxx] เมื่อ 26/03/2025 17:38
8669
อ้างอิง

Ashli
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I've joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://
Ashli [104.207.54.xxx] เมื่อ 27/03/2025 22:09
8670
อ้างอิง

Shad
Тhis is really іntеresting, You are a verу skilled blogger. I've joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your wonderful post. Аlso, I hɑve shared your website in my social networks!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://dubaiembroidery.ae
Shad [89.251.23.xxx] เมื่อ 28/03/2025 15:26
8671
อ้างอิง

Carlo
Адвокат по уголовным делам
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://m.avito.ru/moskva/predlozheniya_uslug/advokat_po_ugolovnym_delam_3789924168
Carlo [216.158.209.xxx] เมื่อ 28/03/2025 15:43
8672
อ้างอิง

godrejtiarablr
Godrej Tiara Floor Plan showcases a meticulously designed layout, featuring beautifully landscaped gardens within the community to enhance the living experience. Located in the highly coveted neighborhood of Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, this premium residential project offers elegantly crafted 3, 3.5, and 4.5 BHK apartments, perfect for modern families and professionals. Combining luxurious amenities with serene green surroundings, Godrej Tiara provides a harmonious lifestyle in one of the city’s fastest-growing regions. Its strategic location ensures seamless connectivity to major IT hubs and essential facilities, making it an ideal choice for comfortable living and a promising real estate investment. Sprawling across an expansive area, this project redefines urban living with its blend of sophistication and tranquility.
 
godrejtiarablr [49.43.241.xxx] เมื่อ 29/03/2025 00:10
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :